Tu Fu’s early poetry was influenced by the styles of the time, including the regulated verse form (known as lüshi) and the classical Confucian ideals. His poetry focused on themes such as the natural world, historical events, and human relationships. However, as he matured, Tu Fu’s poetry began to evolve in more nuanced and profound directions. His deep empathy for the suffering of common people and his keen observation of societal issues set him apart from other poets.
Political and Personal Turmoil
In 755, the An Lushan Rebellion broke out, shaking the very foundation of the Tang Empire. This rebellion, which lasted until 763, was one of the most devastating events in Chinese history, leading to widespread destruction and loss of life. Tu Fu, who had lived through the early years of the Tang’s decline, was deeply affected by the rebellion, both personally and artistically.
Tu Fu had been appointed to a governmental position during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong, but the chaos of the rebellion forced him into a series of displacements, leading to periods of poverty and suffering. His personal life became marked by hardships, including separation from his family and a series of illnesses. These events profoundly influenced his work, turning him from an idealistic young poet into a deeply introspective and socially aware artist. His poetry from this period reflects the horror and devastation wrought by war, as well as the collapse of the social order.
One of Tu Fu’s most famous poems, "Spring View" (春望), reflects the anguish he felt during the turmoil of the An Lushan Rebellion. In this work, Tu Fu poignantly describes the ravaged landscape and the sense of loss that permeates the world around him. His sorrow over the destruction of his country is palpable, but so too is his empathy for the ordinary people caught in the chaos. shutdown123